High Damping Isolation Rubber Bearing(HDRb) For Buildings, High Bridges Or Other Structures

High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDR) is a seismic isolation and energy-dissipation device integrating vertical load-bearing, horizontal isolation, and damping energy-dissipation functions. It is mainly used for seismic protection of structures such as buildings and bridges. The product improves energy-dissipation efficiency by adding high-molecular energy-dissipating materials to natural rubber, which is environmentally friendly, enabling the rubber damping ratio to reach 10%-16%. While meeting the same mechanical properties as lead-core bearings, HDR bearings also have superior low-temperature resistance, with an ultimate shear strain of over 450%. Combined with the laminated structure of stiffened steel plates, it achieves stable vertical bearing capacity and horizontal deformation capacity. The product is applicable to projects in seismic intensity zones of 9 degrees or lower and international multi-seismic zones.

The special damping formula is used to dissipate horizontal vibration energy transmitted during an earthquake. When an earthquake occurs, vertical support is provided to the building, while all horizontal energy is not transmitted to the building. The vibration energy is converted into heat energy and dissipated during the reciprocating movement of seismic waves, significantly reducing the destructive effect of horizontal seismic force on the building.
1. Vertical Load-Bearing: The laminated structure formed by vulcanizing multi-layer stiffened steel plates and rubber provides stable vertical support. The designed compressive stress range is 5-20MPa, complying with the design requirements for vertical bearing capacity of bearings specified in EN 1337-3, which can meet different load demands.
2. Horizontal Isolation: The rubber layer undergoes shear deformation under horizontal seismic action, extending the natural vibration period of the structure (usually 1.5-3.0 seconds) to avoid the frequency band where seismic energy is concentrated, thereby reducing the seismic force transmitted to the superstructure. This complies with the provisions on period adjustment for isolated structures in ASCE 7 (USA).
3. Damping Energy-Dissipation: High-damping rubber materials dissipate seismic energy through internal friction of molecular chains and hysteresis effect, with an equivalent damping ratio > 10%, effectively controlling structural displacement and acceleration response, meeting the energy-dissipation performance requirements for isolation devices specified in EN 15129.

3.1 Technical Parameters

3.2 Specifications of HDR for buildings.

3.3, Specifications of HDR for highway Bridges.
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High Damping Rubber bearing (I) Type Circular Shape
High Damping Rubber bearing (II) Type Circular Shape
High Damping Rubber bearing (I) Type Rectangular Shape
High Damping Rubber bearing (II) Type Rectangular Shape

1. By Structural Form:
a) Type I: Sleeve bolt connection, with embedded steel plates on both upper and lower parts, suitable for conventional installation.
 

b) Type II: Tenon connection, without embedded steel plate at the bottom, simplifying the construction process.
 

2. By Shape:
a) Circular: Suitable for symmetrically stressed structures.
b) Rectangular: Adaptable to asymmetric loads.
3. Selection Principles:
a) The model and specification of the bearing can be directly selected according to the peak ground acceleration of the area where the bridge (building, etc.) is located. In addition, the horizontal stiffness and maximum shear strain of the selected bearing should be checked to meet the service requirements under corresponding seismic forces.
b) The bearing with appropriate displacement should be selected according to the span, temperature variation range, and construction deviation.
c) It should meet the spatial position requirements of the actual bridge, building, and other structures. Sleeves and anchor bolts should avoid conflicting with structural load-bearing steel bars.
d) Due to differences in manufacturing based on adaptive rotation angle θ and rubber design shear modulus G, bridge and building engineers should select models according to the actual conditions of each bridge to optimize structural stress and service conditions, ensuring the product functions as intended.

1. Integrates vertical bearing capacity, horizontal restoring force, and damping (energy absorption) in one.
2. The bearing has a full hysteretic characteristic (load-deformation curve) with significant energy dissipation; its equivalent damping ratio is high, and its energy-dissipation capacity is superior to that of lead-core bearings. It is free of lead pollution, meeting the requirements for environmentally friendly isolation materials in EN 15129.
3. Improved rubber formula, with an equivalent damping ratio of over 10%.
4. Low maintenance and management costs (no need for additional damping devices); 30% smaller in volume than lead-core bearings, facilitating construction, with a comprehensive cost reduction of 20%-30%.
5. Minimal residual deformation after a major earthquake, no need for replacement.
6. The surface of the high-damping bearing is covered with a rubber protective layer, which has excellent anti-aging performance, protecting the internal rubber from ozone and ultraviolet rays, resulting in better aging resistance. The equivalent damping ratio decreases by less than 2% over 50 years; low maintenance cost, meeting the durability requirements of EN 15129.
7. HDR high-damping rubber has strong environmental adaptability and low temperature dependence, with stable performance in the environment of -50℃ to +60℃, suitable for cold and high-temperature areas.
8. HDR high-damping rubber, as natural rubber, has superior creep performance.
9. Environmentally friendly and pollution-free.

1. R&D Team: The core R&D team consists of several senior engineers, and has established industry-university-research cooperation with Huazhong University of Science and Technology, focusing on innovation in isolation materials and structures.
2. Core Technologies:
a) High-damping rubber formula: Nanoscale filler modification technology is adopted to increase the damping ratio to 16% while maintaining rubber elasticity. Performance attenuation is < 5% after 500,000 fatigue tests.
b) Laminated structure optimization: Finite element simulation technology is used to optimize the thickness ratio of steel plates to rubber layers, increasing the uniformity of vertical bearing capacity by 20%.
c) Dynamic performance regulation: A temperature-compensated formula is developed, with horizontal stiffness fluctuation ≤8% in the environment of -40℃ to +60℃, meeting the needs of extreme climate zones.
3. Experimental Facilities: Equipped with 4000kN pressure testing machines, 3m×3m shaking tables, high and low-temperature aging chambers, and other equipment, capable of independently completing tests according to standards such as GB/T 20688, EN 1337, EN 15129, and ASCE 7-22.
4. Standards Compliance:
ISO standard: ISO22762, Elastomeric seismic-protection Isolators;
Domestic: GB 20688, Rubber Bearings
                   JT/T 842; High Damping Seismic Isolation Rubber Bearing for Highway Bridges.
                   JG/T 118-2018 Seismic Isolated Rubber Bearing for Buildings
European: EN 1337-1/-3/-5 Structural Bearings (design and testing of structural bearings),
                   EN 15129 Anti-seismic devices (performance requirements for isolation devices);
American: ASCE 7-2022, Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Building and other Structures.
                 FEMA P2082-2020, NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions for New Buildings and other Structures.
                 FEMA P-2090 Recommended Options for Improving the built environment for post –earthquake Reoccupancy and Functional Recovery Time (guidelines for evaluation of isolation systems).

1. Quality System: Certified by ISO 9001:2015 quality management system, establishing a full-process traceability system from raw materials to finished products. Each batch of products is attached with a unique quality code.
2. Process Control:
a) Raw material inspection: 100% inspection of rubber purity, steel plate yield strength, and other indicators. Suppliers must comply with ISO 14001 environmental standards.
b) Production monitoring: Adopting a fully automated vulcanization production line, with real-time monitoring of temperature (±1℃ error) and pressure (±0.1MPa error) to ensure uniform vulcanization.
c) Finished product testing: Each bearing undergoes vertical bearing capacity, horizontal shear, and damping ratio tests. Only products with a 100% pass rate can leave the factory.
3. Continuous Improvement: Establishing a quality problem database, analyzing defect rates through 6σ management methods. The product defect rate has been controlled below 0.03% in the past three years.
4. Inspection Reports
 

1. Bridge Engineering: Suitable for beam bridges, cable-stayed bridges, etc., reducing the seismic response of piers and preventing beam falling accidents. For example, Penang Second Bridge adopts HDR bearings, complying with EN 1337-5 bridge bearing specifications, and successfully withstood a magnitude 7.5 earthquake.
2. Building Structures: High-rise buildings, hospitals, airports, and other buildings with high safety requirements, reducing the top acceleration to 1/3-1/5 of the original value. Beijing Daxing International Airport adopts interlayer isolation technology, using thousands of high-damping bearings, meeting the seismic design requirements of ASCE 7-22.
3. Industrial and Special Buildings: Chemical plants, ancient buildings, etc., protecting equipment safety and extending structural service life.

1. Installation Points:
a) The flatness error of the foundation surface shall be ≤2mm, and the embedded steel plate shall be aligned with the bolt holes of the bearing.
b) For sliding bearings, the sliding direction must be consistent with the main displacement, and the friction coefficient shall be ≤0.03, complying with the installation accuracy standards of EN 1337-2.
c) Fixation shall be done by gravity or pressure grouting. Bolts shall be tightened after the strength of non-shrinkage epoxy mortar meets the standard.
2. Maintenance Guidelines:
a) Regular inspection: Clean the surface monthly, inspect displacement and bolt tightness quarterly, and conduct comprehensive performance tests annually, referring to the maintenance cycle requirements of FEMA P-2090.
b) Anti-corrosion treatment: Apply oil to metal components every two years to avoid rust affecting performance.
c) Replacement criteria: Replacement is required when the rubber cracking depth > 2mm, the steel plate rust area > 10%, or the equivalent damping ratio decreases > 20%.

1. Selection Recommendations:
a) Select models according to seismic parameters, structural loads, and displacement requirements to avoid overloading. For EU projects, additional verification of fatigue performance indicators in EN 1337-4 is required.
b) The length of a single continuous beam unit should not exceed 200m, with ≤6 spans; otherwise, additional sliding bearings should be added.
2. Construction Requirements:
a) Avoid damaging rubber with high temperatures during welding. Anti-rust treatment shall be done after welding, complying with the American AISC 360 steel structure welding specifications.
b) Ensure that the bearing does not conflict with structural steel bars during installation. The position of sleeves shall avoid main bars.
3. Environment and Safety:
a) It is forbidden to apply corrosive substances on the bearing surface, and avoid long-term water accumulation.
b) Professional inspection is required after an earthquake. If the residual deformation > 5% of the design displacement, replacement evaluation shall be conducted, referring to the post-disaster evaluation process in FEMA P-2090.

1. Penang Second Bridge: The first large-scale application of HDR bearings in a bridge worldwide, complying with EN 1337-5 standards, successfully withstanding a magnitude 7.5 earthquake.
2. Beijing Daxing International Airport: Adopting interlayer isolation technology, using thousands of high-damping bearings, meeting the seismic grade requirements of ASCE 7-22, significantly reducing the impact of train vibration.
3. San Francisco Medical Center: Adopting an HDR bearing system compliant with FEMA P-2090, ensuring the normal operation of critical medical equipment during earthquakes.

1. Warranty Period: Usually 5 years; for international projects, it can be extended to 10 years according to EN 15129 requirements.
2. Technical Support: Provide 24-hour online consultation, respond to on-site service requests within 8 hours, and assist in completing certification documents for European and American standards.
3. Regular Return Visits: Provide remote monitoring services quarterly and conduct on-site inspections annually, with data complying with the monitoring specifications in EN 1337-7.

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