| Devices Description |
Sub-category |
Representative products |
Example |
| 1. Rigid Connection Devices |
Permanent Connection Devices (PCD) |
Fixed Connection Bearings |
EN 1337-type guide bearings for two-directional restraint |
| Moveable Connection Bearings |
Single-directional bridge restraints |
| Mechanical Fuse Restraints (MFRs) |
Bolt-type breakaway restraints |
| Fuse Restraints (FR) |
Hydraulic Fuse Restraints (HFRs) |
Valve-activated hydraulic restraints |
| Tension-Only Fuse Restraints |
Cable-based tension-fail restraints |
| Shear-Type Fuse Restraints |
Pre-set force shear-off steel plates |
| Temporary (Dynamic) Connection Devices (TCD) |
Shock Transmission Units (STUs) |
Hydraulic dampers |
| Viscoelastic Temporary Connectors |
seismic bracing dampers |
| Magnetorheological (MR) Temporary Restraints |
Semi-active dampers for dynamic stiffness adjustment |
| 2. Displacement-Dependent Devices (DDDs) |
Linear Devices (LDs) |
High-Damping Rubber Shear Devices |
HDRB bearings with linear load-displacement behavior |
| Steel Plate Shear Dampers |
Linear elastic steel energy dissipators |
| Viscoelastic Dampers |
Viscoelastic elements |
| Non-Linear Devices (NLDs) |
Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRBs) |
Steel-core braces with concrete jackets |
| Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Devices |
Superelastic wires for self-centring |
| Friction Wedge Dampers |
Bridge expansion joint retrofit devices |
| Energy Dissipating Devices (EDDs) |
Lead Rubber Bearings (LRBs) |
LRB with lead core |
| Steel Hysteretic Dampers |
Cruciform steel yield dampers |
| Polymer Plug Rubber Bearings (PPRBs) |
High-damping polymer-insert elastomeric bearings |
| 3. Velocity-Dependent Devices (VDDs) |
Fluid Viscous Dampers (FVDs) |
Viscous Fluids Damper |
Hydraulic dampers for high-rise buildings |
| Fluid Viscous Dampers |
Bridge seismic protection models |
| VFD Series |
Oil-based dampers for infrastructure |
| Fluid Spring Dampers (FSDs) |
Combination Viscous-Spring Dampers |
Railway bridge dampers with integrated springs |
| Gas-Charged Fluid Spring Dampers |
Pneumatic self-centring dampers |
| High-Pressure FSDs |
Offshore structure dampers with compression springs |
| Magnetorheological (MR) Dampers |
Magne Ride Dampers |
Hospital seismic vibration control |
| Semi-Active MR Dampers |
Real-time seismic data-controlled dampers |
| Seismic MR Dampers |
Historical building vibration reducers |
| 4. Isolators |
Elastomeric Isolators |
Low-Damping Rubber Bearings (LDRBs) |
Natural rubber bearings for low-seismic zones |
| High-Damping Rubber Bearings (HDRBs) |
HDRB for medium-seismic areas |
| Lead Rubber Bearings (LRBs) |
LRB with lead cores |
| Curved Surface Sliders |
Friction Pendulum Isolators (FPIs) |
FPI with spherical sliding surfaces |
| Double Concave Sliders |
Bidirectional isolation devices |
| Stainless Steel-PTFE Curved Sliders |
EN 1337-compliant bridge bearings |
| Flat Surface Sliders |
Pot Bearings with Sliding Surfaces |
EN 1337-5 type for horizontal flexibility |
| Spherical Slider Bearings |
EN 1337-7 compliant for rotation/translation |
| PTFE-Stainless Steel Flat Sliders |
Small-displacement sliding devices |
| 5. Combination Devices |
Hybrid Base Isolation Systems |
LRB + Fluid Viscous Damper Combinations |
Integrated base isolation systems |
| FPI + Friction Damper Systems |
Curved sliders with supplementary friction devices |
| Elastomeric Isolator + Re-Centring Units |
HDRB with superelastic wires |
| Damped Moment Frames |
Steel Moment Frames with Viscous Dampers |
Damped Moment Frame for building retrofits |
| Concrete Frames with BRB & FVD Combinations |
Commercial building seismic frames |
| Timber Frame Structures with Viscoelastic Dampers |
Historic structure preservation systems |
| Multi-Functional Seismic Systems |
Isolator + Fuse Restraint Combinations |
FPI with sacrificial service-load restraints |
| HDRB + Friction Wedge Devices |
High-seismic bridge hybrid systems |
| Slider + Damper Combinations |
Adaptive isolation for critical infrastructure |
